Reflecting a broader trend in the U.S. economy, charitable giving has become much more concentrated over the last two decades, with top-end donors representing a far higher proportion of total giving today.
Just a few decades ago, more Americans gave regularly to charity (65%) than voted regularly in elections (58%), according to data from Giving USA’s latest annual report on philanthropy. Since that time, however, household participation has declined steadily, and fewer than half of all households now report making a charitable gift each year.
As Laura MacDonald, principal and founder of Benefactor Group and the immediate past chair of Giving USA, recently told ThinkAdvisor, the overall amount of giving continues to grow because high-net-worth households have steadily increased the amounts they give.
While this may sound like a positive situation, MacDonald says, the reality is that a shrinking pool of donors means philanthropic causes face new risks — namely that they could find themselves falling out of favor with fewer, bigger donors and facing a feast-or-famine situation that makes planning for the future increasingly difficult.
Though it may seem like an ancillary issue, MacDonald argues financial advisors should also be concerned about these dynamics, as their own practices could be exposed to some of the same risks that are emerging among charities and philanthropic organizations. That is, a growing concentration of wealth among a smaller number of families could leave advisory organizations scrambling to secure and retain clients from an ever-shrinking pool of attractive prospects.
In the end, MacDonald argues, wealth managers should strive to stay ahead of the latest developments in the charitable giving marketplace. Not only will this help advisor professionals stand out among a coveted client group, it will also help them have a positive effect on their local, regional and global communities.
Dollars Up, Donors Down
As MacDonald observes, charitable giving has become more concentrated during the last two decades, with top-end donors representing a higher proportion of total giving than ever before.
There is debate about the cause of this imbalance, she says. On the one hand, individuals may have lost some faith in the power of philanthropy, as evidenced by declining trust in institutions of all types. There also seems to be a link between declining religiosity and a decline in organized giving.
Other potential causes are the fact that middle-income and even mass-affluent households are being squeezed by higher inflation and stagnant wages. And there are also occasional attention-grabbing headlines about charity wrongdoing, which can easily crowd out positive messages from the vast majority of nonprofits doing good.
Another potential factor, MacDonald says, is the growth of sophisticated fundraising operations that shower attention on big givers, with far less effort being made to address the giving goals of those of comparatively modest means.
In the end, MacDonald observes, the financial advisor industry alone cannot do much to directly address these systemic factors, but its practitioners can help their clients cut through the noise and remain focused on giving assets to their preferred causes.
Key Trends and Challenges
In MacDonald’s experience, advisors who can help their clients give to charities in a tax-efficient way are highly valued, but to achieve the best outcomes, it is important to keep the giving in focus rather than the potential for tax efficiency.
“The reality is that when you give to charity, there is no tax strategy or planning approach that will allow you to avoid paying any taxes or avoid having money leave the estate,” MacDonald says. “Advisors and donors should keep this goal in mind, because it gives you a framework for achieving the maximum tax benefits, so that the maximum amount of money can go to the charity.”
According to MacDonald, whatever type of giving a client is engaging in, from starting a foundation to launching a donor-advised fund, doing the appropriate research is critical.
“With DAFs or anything else, you have to do your research,” MacDonald says. “You should also really pick a good cause and stick with them for at least a few years. One way to rob your giving of its power is to pick a new, bright shiny object every year.”
MacDonald also urged advisors and their clients to debunk the “overhead myth,” with its single-minded focus on short-term efficiency at the expense of longer-term effectiveness.
“This miscalculation leads donors to overlook organizational impact and causes many fundraisers to focus exclusively on major gifts with their higher immediate return-on-investment and to overlook everyday donors,” MacDonald explains.
An Important Word on DAFs
MacDonald went on to warn advisors that donor-advised funds are indeed an important and powerful giving vehicle in the current philanthropic marketplace, but they aren’t universally appreciated, and there are in fact parties lobbying in Washington to see the accounts’ use restricted or modified.
“Their concern is essentially that money can sit unused in donor-advised funds for extended periods of time, and that the wealthy can use DAFs to ‘hide away’ their wealth,” MacDonald explains. “While this is not really a big issue in my opinion, these folks have some sympathetic ears in Congress, so it’s possible the rules could be changed in the future.”
According to MacDonald, the reality is that annual payout rates from DAFs are actually quite high, in the realm of 15% to 20% per year.
“That’s higher than the typical private foundation, I would point out,” MacDonald says.
MacDonald says that DAFs are popular because of their flexibility, but it is important for advisors and their clients to be aware of their limitations, too. For example, one thing to be aware of is that a client cannot use their DAF to fund a non-tax-deductible portion of a gift.
“For example, if you are buying a $1,000 ticket to a gala event and the non-taxable portion for the dinner is $250, that can be tricky for a DAF sponsor to handle,” MacDonald explains. “Some DAF sponsors will let you take out the $750 portion and self-fund the $250, but others won’t. You just have to be careful here, because you don’t want the nonprofit you are supporting to have to do a bunch of extra paperwork to process your gift.”
As MacDonald observes, the location where a client opens their DAF also matters, but there is not necessarily one superior approach. It all depends on the clients’ goals.
“Some DAF sponsors may have higher fees, like a local community foundation, but you will get more value,” MacDonald explains. “They will invite you to events and help you learn about all the things that are happening in your community. There could be a social aspect and to the extent that those fees also help to fuel the community foundation, they are doing great work in your community.”
Another good option is to go with a national provider that is going to compete on low fees.
“This can be a great option if you feel like you can navigate this journey independently, and you don’t want a third party to educate you and shape you as a donor,” MacDonald says.
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